Thermal shock apparatus Patent

Development of equipment for measuring thermal shock resistance of thin discs of materia

Apparatus for positioning and loading a test specimen Patent

Apparatus for testing metallic and nonmetallic beams or rods by bending at high temperatures in vacuum or inert atmospher

Improved retort for cleaning metal powders with hydrogen

Improved cleaning retort produces uniform temperature distribution in the heated zone and minimizes hydrogen channeling through the powder bed. Retort can be used for nonmetallic powders, sintering in a reducing atmosphere, and for cleaning powders in reduction atmospheres other than hydrogen

Oxide dispersion strengthened nickel produced by nonreactive milling

It is shown that oxide dispersion strengthened alloys can be produced by a postulated nonreactive milling mechanism whereby the dispersoid is trapped at the interface between welding metal powder particles. This interparticle welding is possible because, without a suitable and sufficiently vigorous chemical reaction between the metal powder particles and the milling fluid, no protective, weld-preventing reaction coating is formed on these particles. Using water as the nonreactive milling fluid, Ni - 1.8-vol % thoria and Ni - 1.8-vol % yttria alloys with 1093 C tensile strengths ranging from 122.3 to 141.5 MN/sq m (17,900 to 20,500 psi) were produced by nonreactive milling

Chemical reactions of metal powders with organic and inorganic liquids during ball milling

Chromium and/or nickel powders were milled in metal chlorides and in organic liquids representative of various functional groups. The powders always reacted with the liquid and became contaminated with elements from them. The milled powders had specific surface areas ranging from 0.14 to 37 sq m/g, and the total contamination with elements from the milling liquid ranged from 0.01 to 56 weight percent. Compounds resulting from substitution, addition, or elimination reactions formed in or from the milling liquid

Effects of oxide additions and temperature on sinterability of milled silicon nitride

Specimens of milled alpha-Si3N4 with 0 to 5.07 equivalent percent of oxide additions were pressureless sintered at 1650 to 1820 C for 4 hours in nitrogen while covered with powdered Si3N4 + SiO2. Densities of less than or equal to 97.5 percent resulted with approximately 2.5 equivalent percent of MgO, CeO2, Y2O3, and three mixtures involving these oxides. Densities of greater than or equal to 94 percent were obtained with approximately 0.62 equivalent percent of the same additives. At most temperatures, best sinterability (density maxima) was obtained with 1.2 to 2.5 equivalent percent additive

Properties of dispersion-strengthened chromium - 4-volume-percent-thoria alloys produced by ball milling in hydrogen iodide

The effects of processing variables on the tensile properties and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of Cr + 4 vol. %ThO2 alloys and of pure Cr produced by ball milling in hydrogen iodide were investigated. Hot rolled Cr + ThO2 was stronger than either hot pressed Cr + ThO2 or pure Cr at temperatures up to 1537 C. Hot pressed Cr + ThO2 had a DBTT of 501 C as compared with minus 8 to 24 C for the hot rolled Cr + ThO2 and with 139 C for pure Cr. It is postulated that the dispersoid in the hot rolled alloys lowers the DBTT by inhibiting recovery and recrystallization of the strained structure

Effect of oxygen-nitrogen ratio on sinterability of Sialons

The effect of varying the sintering temperature and the oxygen to nitrogen ratio (O/N) on the sinterability of Sialons of the formula Si2.55Al0.6OyN4-0.667y was investigated for y between 0.57 and 1.92 (O/N between 0.157 and 0.706). The Sialons reached maximum density on pressureless sintering for 4 hours at about 1760 C in nitrogen. Optimum sinterability with densities up to about 98 percent of theoretical was attained with negligible X-phase in the O/N range from about 0.2 to 0.3. On sintering at approximately 1830 C the Sialons decomposed with evolution of silicon and aluminum

Pressureless sintered Sialons with low amounts of sintering aid

Two Beta prime - Sialons of composition Si2.6Al0.393y0.007O0.4N3.6 and Si2.6Al0.384Y0.014O0.4N3.6 were pressureless sintered from mixtures of Y2O3 and separately milled Beta -Si3N4, AlN, and SiO2. These Sialons had densities of over 98% of theoretical, four-point bend strengths of 460 and 155 MPa at room temperature and 1400 C, respectively, and 1400 C oxidation rates lower than those reported for hot pressed Si3N4 and for a stronger Sialon with 2.5 weight percentage Y2O3

A simplified ductile-brittle transition temperature tester

The construction and operation of a versatile, simplified bend tester is described. The tester is usable at temperatures from - 192 to 650 C in air. Features of the tester include a single test chamber for cryogenic or elevated temperatures, specimen alining support rollers, and either manual or motorized operation